The Role and Benefits of Industrial Cooling Water Chillers in Modern Industry

In today's fast-paced industrial world, maintaining the correct temperature is critical for ensuring the efficiency, safety, and longevity of machinery and processes. One essential piece of equipment that supports this need is the "industrial cooling water chiller". These systems are pivotal in a variety of sectors, from manufacturing and chemical processing to data centers and HVAC systems. In this blog, we’ll explore what industrial cooling water chillers are, how they work, their benefits, and why they are indispensable for modern industry.

What is an Industrial Cooling Water Chiller?

An industrial cooling water chiller is a sophisticated cooling system designed to lower the temperature of water used in various industrial processes. The primary function of this chiller is to remove excess heat from the water, which then circulates through different parts of a production system or machinery to absorb and carry away heat generated during operations.

The basic principle behind an industrial cooling water chiller involves a refrigeration cycle. This cycle includes the following components:

Evaporator: This is where the water to be cooled absorbs heat from the refrigerant. The refrigerant evaporates as it absorbs heat, cooling the water in the process.

Condenser: In this component, the refrigerant releases the absorbed heat to the surrounding environment, typically via a water or air-based cooling system.

Compressor: This device circulates the refrigerant between the evaporator and condenser, maintaining the flow and pressure of the refrigerant.

Expansion Valve: This regulates the refrigerant flow into the evaporator, ensuring proper pressure and temperature conditions.

How Do Industrial Cooling Water Chillers Work?

The operation of water cooled chiller starts with the water being pumped into the evaporator, where it absorbs heat from the refrigerant. As the refrigerant evaporates, the water is cooled to the desired temperature. The now warm refrigerant is then pumped to the condenser, where it releases the absorbed heat into the cooling medium (water or air). The cooled refrigerant returns to the evaporator, and the cycle repeats.

This continuous cycle ensures that the water remains at a stable temperature, which is crucial for maintaining process efficiency and equipment integrity.

Applications of Industrial Cooling Water Chillers

Water chillers are used across a broad spectrum of industries. Here are some notable applications:

1. Manufacturing: In manufacturing plants, these chillers help in cooling machinery and process fluids, which prevents overheating and ensures smooth operation.

2. Chemical Processing: They are used to control the temperature of chemical reactions, ensuring that the reactions occur within optimal temperature ranges and enhancing product quality.

3. Plastics and Extrusion: In the plastics industry, chillers are employed to cool molds and machinery, which improves product quality and reduces production time.

4. Data Centers: These chillers are crucial for cooling servers and other electronic equipment, preventing overheating and ensuring reliable operation.

5. HVAC Systems: In large commercial and industrial HVAC systems, cooling water chillers help maintain comfortable indoor temperatures by cooling the water used in the system.

Benefits of Industrial Cooling Water Chillers

1. Enhanced Efficiency: Industrial cooling water chillers provide precise temperature control, which is essential for optimizing industrial processes and improving overall efficiency.

2. Extended Equipment Life: By preventing overheating and maintaining optimal operating temperatures, these chillers help extend the lifespan of machinery and equipment, reducing maintenance and replacement costs.

3.Energy Savings: Modern industrial chillers are designed with energy efficiency in mind. They use advanced technologies and high-efficiency components to minimize energy consumption, resulting in cost savings.

4. Improved Product Quality: In many manufacturing processes, temperature control is critical for ensuring the quality and consistency of products. Chillers help maintain the required temperature, thereby improving product quality.

5. Environmental Impact: Many industrial cooling water chillers are now equipped with eco-friendly refrigerants and energy-saving features, contributing to a reduced environmental footprint.

Maintenance and Optimization

To ensure the reliable performance of industrial cooling water chillers, regular maintenance is essential. Key maintenance tasks include:

Regular Inspections: Periodic checks of the chiller’s components, such as the evaporator, condenser, and compressor, help identify and address potential issues before they escalate.

Cleaning: Keeping the condenser and evaporator clean prevents efficiency losses and extends the lifespan of the equipment.

Water Treatment: Proper treatment of the cooling water prevents scaling, corrosion, and biological growth, which can affect chiller performance.

Monitoring: Continuous monitoring of system performance helps in identifying inefficiencies and optimizing operations.

Future Trends and Innovations

The field of industrial cooling is constantly evolving, with new technologies and innovations driving improvements in efficiency and sustainability. Some notable trends include:

Advanced Control Systems: Integration of smart controls and sensors for real-time monitoring and optimization of chiller performance.

Eco-Friendly Refrigerants: Development of refrigerants with lower global warming potential to reduce the environmental impact of cooling systems.

Energy Recovery Systems: Implementation of systems that recover and reuse waste heat, improving overall energy efficiency.

High quality industrial cooling water chillers are a cornerstone of modern industrial operations, providing essential temperature control across various sectors. Their ability to enhance efficiency, extend equipment life, and improve product quality makes them indispensable for maintaining optimal operational conditions. By understanding their operation, benefits, and maintenance needs, industries can harness the full potential of these systems to achieve greater efficiency and sustainability. As technology advances, these chillers will continue to play a critical role in supporting the dynamic demands of contemporary industrial processes.

Market Applications of Circular Knitting Machines

In the modern textile industry, circular knitting machines stand out for their unique technological advantages and efficient production capabilities. These machines are playing a crucial role across multiple market sectors. Whether in sports and leisurewear, underwear and sleepwear, home textiles, or smart home and functional fabrics, these machines offer significant potential.

1. Sports and Leisurewear

•  Market Background

The sports and leisurewear market has been growing rapidly, with increasing consumer demands for comfort and functionality. Sportswear needs to offer excellent elasticity and breathability, while leisurewear focuses on comfort and style.

• Technological Advantages

High Elasticity and Breathability: Automatic circular knitting machines produce fabrics with exceptional elasticity, ideal for sportswear. The knitting technology ensures that the fabric adapts to body movements, offering flexibility and comfort. Additionally, these machines create fabrics with excellent breathability, helping athletes stay dry during intense activities.

 Fast Production Capability: The high efficiency of these machines significantly boosts production speed, meeting the large-scale demands of the sports and leisurewear market. This efficiency not only reduces costs but also enhances the brand’s competitiveness in the fast-fashion sector.

 Versatile Design Options: Versatile circular knitting machines can create a variety of complex fabric structures and patterns, allowing designers to explore more creative possibilities in sports and leisurewear. This flexibility enriches the range of products available in the market, catering to diverse consumer preferences.

 2. Underwear and Sleepwear

• Market Background

The underwear and sleepwear markets have high demands for fabric softness and comfort. Consumers seek seamless designs to avoid any discomfort and prefer fabrics that are gentle on the skin.

• Technological Advantages

Seamless Knitting: The seamless knitting technology is particularly suited for underwear and sleepwear production. By eliminating seams, this technology enhances comfort and avoids the potential discomfort caused by traditional stitching.

Soft Touch: These machines produce fabrics with an exceptionally soft touch, meeting the high standards required for underwear and sleepwear. The fine knitting process improves the wearing experience, making the fabrics more suitable for close-to-skin use.

High Quality and Consistency: The consistency in the production process ensures stable fabric quality, which is crucial for large-scale production of underwear and sleepwear. This reliability helps enhance the brand’s market reputation and customer satisfaction.

 3. Home Textiles

• Market Background

The home textiles market demands high standards of fabric aesthetics and durability. Consumers are increasingly focused on the comfort, design, and long-term usability of home products.

• Technological Advantages

High-Quality Fabrics: Circular knitting machines produce fabrics with a fine texture and vibrant colors, suitable for bed linens, curtains, and sofa covers. The quality of these fabrics not only improves the appearance of home textiles but also enhances their comfort.

Production Efficiency: The high production capacity of these machines meets the large-scale demands of home textiles while maintaining high fabric quality. This efficiency supports timely delivery and strengthens the brand’s position in the market.

Environmental and Sustainability Benefits: The machine’s efficiency and low waste production align with environmental requirements, supporting sustainable development in the home textiles industry. Reducing waste in the production process meets modern consumer expectations for eco-friendly products.

 4. Smart Home and Functional Fabrics

• Market Background

The market for smart home products and functional fabrics is growing, with increasing consumer demand for fabrics with specific functionalities, such as temperature control and antibacterial properties.

• Technological Advantages

Functional Fabric Production: Circular knitting machines can integrate with new functional fibers to produce fabrics with various features, such as temperature control and antibacterial properties. These functional fabrics enhance product competitiveness and expand their application in the smart home sector.

Personalized Customization: With the rise of personalized and customized demands, the flexibility of circular knitting machines allows for small-batch and customized production. Manufacturers can quickly adjust production plans to meet unique customer requirements.

Market Potential: The market potential for smart home and functional fabrics is substantial. As technology advances and consumer preferences for high-performance products grow, these machines will continue to play a significant role in these emerging sectors.

Circular knitting machines, with their unique technological advantages and wide range of applications, are becoming essential equipment in the textile industry. From sports and leisurewear, underwear and sleepwear to home textiles and smart home products, their diverse knitting capabilities and efficient production offer numerous opportunities. As technology evolves and market demands shift, these machines will continue to drive innovation and growth in the textile sector, creating new opportunities and setting trends.

The Revolution of the Single Jersey Circular Knitting Machine

In the fiercely competitive textile industry, innovation and efficiency are key drivers of business success. Representing modern textile technology, the single jersey circular knitting machine is redefining the standards of knitting production with its unique design and exceptional performance.

1. Unique Advantages

•  Innovative Design, Superior Performance

This machine utilizes advanced circular knitting technology, focusing on enhancing production efficiency and fabric quality. Compared to traditional flat knitting machines, circular knitting machines significantly reduce seams, resulting in smoother and more stable fabrics. This seamless knitting technology not only improves fabric comfort but also minimizes production waste.

•  High Efficiency, High Output

The machines boast excellent production capability and efficiency, capable of producing high-quality fabrics at faster speeds. Its high rotation speed and precise control system ensure stable operation of the production line, increasing hourly output and reducing production costs. This high efficiency makes it exceptionally well-suited for fast-paced market environments.

•     Flexibility and Versatility

This model is suitable for various types of fibers and can produce fabrics in different specifications and styles. Whether it's lightweight sportswear or soft lingerie fabrics, this machine is up to the task. Its versatile knitting capability allows businesses to quickly respond to changing market demands, thereby enhancing market competitiveness.

2. Applications

•     Sportswear Industry

In the sportswear industry, functionality and comfort are paramount. Thanks to its excellent fabric performance and comfort, this machine has become the preferred choice for sportswear manufacturers. It can produce fabrics with good elasticity and breathability, meeting the high demands of athletes for their sportswear.

•     Lingerie Industry

The lingerie industry requires fabrics that are soft and comfortable. This machine can produce fabrics with a soft touch and a comfortable fit, perfectly suited for lingerie production. Additionally, its seamless knitting feature helps avoid discomfort, enhancing the wearer's experience.

•    Home Textile Industry

Home textile products, such as bedding and curtains, have strict quality and appearance standards. This machine can produce fabrics that are finely textured and vividly colored, providing more design possibilities and market competitiveness for home textiles.

3. How to Choose the high-quality circular knitting machines

•    Understand Your Production Needs

When selecting this machine, it is essential to first clarify your production needs, including fabric type, specifications, and production speed. Choosing the right model based on these needs can maximize production efficiency and fabric quality.

•     Examine Stability and Durability

A high-quality knitting machine should have stable performance and a long service life. When purchasing, it is advisable to choose brands and models that have undergone rigorous quality control to ensure long-term stability of the equipment.

•     Technical Support and After-Sales Service

Selecting a supplier with good technical support and after-sales service is crucial. A professional service team can provide timely assistance during installation, commissioning, and maintenance, ensuring smooth production operations.

This machine, with its innovative design, superior performance, and wide range of applications, is gradually becoming a vital piece of equipment in the textile industry. Whether you are producing sportswear, lingerie, or home textiles, this machine can offer you exceptional production efficiency and high-quality fabric results. Choosing the right equipment will bring competitive advantages to your business and help you achieve greater success in the market.

In the future of the textile industry, the automatic single jersey machine will continue to lead trends, drive technological advancements, and promote industry development. It’s time to update your production equipment and embrace the endless possibilities brought by this technological revolution!

Case Study: Successful Installation of a Large Paint Booth

We Guangli is excited to share some recent success cases that highlights our expertise in delivering custom big spray booths to international clients. Our client, heavy-duty equipment excavator dealership in Australia, chose our large paint booth to meet their growing spray painting needs.

And we are also very pleased to announce the successful installation of an aircraft paint booth of aircraft for our esteemed client in Qatar. This project involved meticulous planning, precise engineering, and seamless execution to meet the high standards required for painting large aircraft. Our team worked closely with the client to customize the booth, ensuring it met their specific needs for size, efficiency, and environmental compliance.

These successful installations underscores our strengths:

High-Quality Manufacturing: We focus on every detail to deliver top-notch products.

Advanced Technology and Design: Our solutions are efficient and tailored to client needs.

Comprehensive Customer Service: We support our clients at every stage, ensuring satisfaction.

Choosing us means choosing quality, efficiency, and reliability. We look forward to serving more international clients with our premium automotive paint booths.

https://www.gzguangli.com/

Contact us: sunnie@gzguangli.com.cn

Tel&WhatsApp: 008613925061383

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QUMAL: Enter the “Worry-Free Era” of Industrial Cooling

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In modern industrial production, the choice of cooling equipment directly impacts both efficiency and cost control. As a professional industrial chiller manufacturer, QUMAL understands this critical need and is committed to providing the highest quality solutions for our customers.

QUMAL's air cooled screw chiller stands out for its exceptional cooling performance and reliability, making it ideal for a wide range of industrial applications. Whether it's maintaining consistent temperatures in large manufacturing facilities or protecting precision equipment, QUMAL's air cooled screw chiller delivers energy-efficient, dependable service.

By choosing QUMAL, you're not just getting an industrial air cooled chiller; you're gaining a comprehensive, one-stop service experience. From initial needs analysis and custom product design to installation, commissioning, and ongoing maintenance, our team is with you every step of the way, ensuring your equipment performs reliably even in the harshest environments.

Our customers span various industrial sectors, and with our extensive experience and deep expertise, QUMAL has helped numerous companies reduce energy consumption while enhancing production efficiency. As your industrial chiller supplier, QUMAL is committed to delivering exceptional product quality and dedicated after-sales support to safeguard your operations.

Choosing QUMAL means more than just acquiring equipment—it means selecting a trustworthy partner who will help make your production more efficient, economical, and sustainable.

It is very rare for a CPU cooling fan to catch fire, but if it happens, it may be caused by several reasons:

Electrical failure: The wires of the cooling fan may short circuit, leading to overheating or even fire. This can be caused by aging wires, broken insulation, or improper installation.

Dust accumulation: After using the computer for a long time, a large amount of dust will accumulate in the cooling fan and heat sink. These dust will not only affect the heat dissipation effect, but also may cause a short circuit or cause the fan motor to overheat, and eventually cause a fire.

Fan bearing failure: If the bearing of the fan is badly worn, it may cause the fan to turn poorly or get stuck, increase the load on the fan motor, make the motor overheat, and eventually may catch fire.

Power supply problem: The power supply is unstable or the voltage is too high, which may cause the fan to work overloaded, which may cause a fire.

Inferior accessories: The use of inferior or substandard cooling fans, the quality of the material is not up to standard, may easily occur overheating or fire.

Chungfo's cpu fans have gone through strict quality control, you can rest assured to buy. We don't just do cpu fans, we also offer high quality mini cross flow fan and cross flow fan blade Wholesale to ensure that your equipment always maintains a good heat dissipation effect. Especially suitable for cross flow fan in air conditioner, help you create a safe and stable working environment!

Proper storage of round slings is crucial for ensuring their longevity and maintaining their performance and safety. In this blog post, we will discuss some essential tips and guidelines on how to store round slings effectively. By following these recommendations, you can extend the lifespan of your slings and enhance workplace safety.

 Choose the Right Storage Area:

Select a clean, dry, and well-ventilated area for storing round slings. Avoid locations where slings are exposed to direct sunlight, extreme temperatures, chemicals, or corrosive substances. Ideally, the storage area should be dedicated solely to slings, preventing them from being mixed with other equipment or materials.

 Avoid Sharp Edges or Abrasive Surfaces:

Ensure that round slings are stored away from sharp edges, abrasive surfaces, or objects that can cause damage. Use racks, shelves, or storage containers with rounded edges or padded surfaces to prevent any unnecessary wear or tear on the slings.

Training and Documentation:

Train your employees on proper storage practices for round slings and document these procedures as part of your safety protocols. Ensure that all personnel involved in the handling and storage of slings are aware of the importance of proper storage techniques and are knowledgeable about the characteristics and limitations of round slings.

Coil and Secure Properly:

When storing round slings, coil them neatly on a suitable storage device or within a storage container. Avoid excessive twists or kinks in the slings, as they can weaken the fibers and compromise their strength. If using a storage container, make sure it is the appropriate size to prevent over-compression or excessive pressure on the slings.

Label and Organize:

To facilitate easy identification and retrieval, label each stored round sling with relevant information, such as its capacity, length, and date of last inspection. Organize the slings based on their specifications or designated usage to streamline your operations and ensure quick access when needed.

Periodic Inspection and Maintenance:

Even during storage, it is crucial to conduct periodic inspections of the round slings. Follow the manufacturer's guidelines regarding the frequency of inspections and maintenance procedures. Regularly check for signs of degradation, including fraying, UV damage, or loss of elasticity. Replace any slings that do not meet the required safety standards.

Clean and Inspect:

Before storing round slings, it is essential to thoroughly clean them to remove any dirt, debris, or contaminants. Inspect the slings for any signs of damage, such as cuts, abrasions, or broken stitching. If any defects are found, remove the sling from service and have it repaired or replaced.

Doctor blades, crucial in various industrial processes for precise metering and scraping, are manufactured in different materials to suit specific needs. As a leading manufacturer in the industry, understanding the materials used can enhance operational efficiency and performance.

1. Plastic Doctor Blades

Plastic doctor blades are widely favored for their versatility and cost-effectiveness. Made from high-quality polyethylene (PE) or other polymers, these blades offer excellent chemical resistance and durability. They are ideal for applications where corrosion resistance and smooth scraping are essential. Plastic doctor blades find extensive use in industries such as printing, packaging, and food processing, where maintaining hygiene and preventing contamination are critical.

2. Carbon Steel Coating Blade

Carbon steel coating blades are renowned for their robustness and longevity. Typically coated with materials like tungsten carbide or ceramic, these blades combine the strength of carbon steel with enhanced wear resistance. They excel in demanding applications such as in the paper and pulp industry, where abrasive materials necessitate durable scraping tools. Carbon steel coating blades ensure precise metering and prolonged service life, making them indispensable in heavy-duty operations.

3. PE Doctor Blades

PE doctor blades, crafted from polyethylene, offer specific advantages tailored to sensitive applications. With their exceptional flexibility and non-corrosive properties, PE doctor blades are favored in sectors requiring gentle yet effective scraping, such as in medical devices or electronics manufacturing. Their ability to conform to irregular surfaces without causing damage makes them ideal for delicate substrates and intricate machinery.

Choosing the right material for doctor blades is crucial for optimizing performance and longevity in industrial applications. Whether selecting plastic for its versatility, carbon steel for durability, or PE for its gentleness, each material offers unique benefits suited to specific operational requirements. As a leading doctor blade manufacturer committed to innovation and quality, we ensure that our products meet diverse industry needs with precision and reliability.

1. Theoretical basis for tube sheet calculation

The structure of shell and tube heat exchangers is complex, and there are many factors that affect the strength of the tube sheet. In particular, the tube sheet of fixed tube sheet heat exchangers is subjected to the most complex force. The design specifications of various countries basically consider the tube sheet as a circular flat plate that bears uniformly distributed loads, is placed on an elastic foundation, and is uniformly weakened by the tube holes (Figure 1).

Due to the many factors that affect the strength of the tube sheet, it is difficult and complex to accurately analyze the strength of the tube sheet. Therefore, various countries simplify and assume the formula for calculating the thickness of the tube sheet to obtain an approximate formula.

The loads that cause stress on the tube sheet include pressure (tube side pressure Pt, shell side pressure Ps), thermal expansion difference between the tube and shell, and flange torque. The mechanical model of the calculation method for the tube sheet of the heat exchanger is shown in Figure 2.

1.1 The design specifications of various countries consider the following factors to varying degrees for the tube sheets:

1) Simplifying the actual tube sheet into a homogeneous equivalent circular flat plate based on equivalent elasticity weakened by regular arrangement of tube holes and reinforced by tubes has been adopted by most countries' tube plate specifications today.

2) The narrow non piping area around the tube sheet is simplified as a circular solid plate based on its area.

3) The edge of the tube sheet can have various types of connection structures, which may include shell side cylinders, channel cylinders, flanges, bolts, gaskets, and other components. Calculate according to the actual elastic constraint conditions of each component on the edge of the tube sheet.

4) Consider the effect of flange torque on the tube sheet.

5) Consider the temperature difference stress caused by the thermal expansion difference between the heat exchange tube and the shell side cylinder, as well as the temperature stress caused by the temperature difference at various points on the tube sheet.

6)Calculate various equivalent elastic constants and strength parameters converted from porous plates with heat exchange tubes to equivalent solid plates.

1.2 Theoretical basis for GB151 tube sheet calculation

The mechanical model considers the tube plate as an axial symmetry structure and assumes that the tubesheets at both ends of the heat exchanger have the same material and thickness. For fixed tube sheet heat exchangers, the two tube sheets should also have the same boundary support conditions.

1) The supporting effect of tube bundle on tube sheet

Consider the tube sheet as an equivalent circular flat plate uniformly weakened and placed on an elastic foundation. This is because in the structure of shell and tube heat exchangers, the diameter of the majority of tubes is relatively small compared to the diameter of the tube sheet, and the number of tubes is sufficient. It is assumed that they are uniformly distributed on the tube sheet, so the support effect of each discrete heat exchange tube on the tube sheet can be considered uniform and continuous, and the load borne by the tube sheet is also considered uniformly distributed.

The tube bundle has a restraining effect on the deflection and rotation angle of the tube sheet under external loads. The restraining effect of the tube bundle can reduce the deflection of the tube sheet and lower the stress in the tube sheet. The tube bundle has a restraining effect on the angle of the tube sheet. Through analysis and calculation of actual parameters, it was found that the restraining effect of the tube bundle on the angle of the tube sheet has a very small impact on the strength of the tube sheet and can be completely ignored. Therefore, this

The specification does not consider the constraint effect of tube bundles on the corner of the tube sheet, but only considers the constraint effect of tube bundles on the deflection of the tube sheet. For fixed tube sheet heat exchangers, the tube reinforcement coefficient K is used to represent the tube sheet.

The bending stiffness of the perforated tube plate is η D

The elastic foundation coefficient N of the tube bundle represents the pressure load required to be applied on the surface of the tube plate to cause unit length deformation (elongation or shortening) of the tube bundle in the axial direction.

the pipe reinforcement coefficient K and substitute it into the expressions D and N, so that ν P=0.3:

This coefficient indicates the strength of the elastic foundation relative to the tube plate's inherent bending stiffness, reflecting the enhanced load-bearing capacity of the tube bundle on the plate. It is a crucial parameter that characterizes the strengthening effect of the tube bundle on the plate. If the elastic foundation of the plate is weak, the enhancing effect of the heat exchange tubes is minimal, resulting in a small K value. Consequently, the plate's deflection and bending moment distribution resemble those of ordinary circular plates lacking an elastic foundation. Specifically, when K equals zero, the plate becomes an ordinary circular plate. Based on the theory of elastic foundation circular plates, the plate's deflection is not solely determined by the tube's strengthening coefficient K, but also by its peripheral support and additional loads, quantitatively represented by the total bending moment coefficient m.

When the periphery of the tube sheet is simply supported, MR=0, then m=0; When the periphery of the tube sheet is fixed, the corner of the edge of the tube sheet φ R=0, from which a specific value of m can be obtained (the expression is omitted); When the periphery of the tube plate only bears the action of bending moment, i.e. VR=0, then m=∞.

Under certain boundary support conditions, as the K value gradually increases, the deflection and bending moment of the tubesheet exhibit a attenuation and wavy distribution from the periphery to the center. The larger the K value, the faster the attenuation and the more wave numbers. During the process of increasing K value, when passing through a certain boundary K value, new waves will appear in the distribution curve. At the center of the plate, the curve changes from concave (or concave) to concave (or concave). Solving the derivative equation of the distribution curve can obtain the K boundary value of the curve with an increase in wave number.

Taking the simple support around the tube sheet as an example, as the strengthening coefficient K of the tube increases, the radial bending moment distribution curve and the boundary K value when new waves appear are shown in Figure 31. At the same time, it can be seen that the radial extreme value also moves away from the center of the tube sheet towards the periphery as the K value increases.

For the elastic foundation plate with peripheral fixed support, the radial bending moment distribution shows a similar trend with the change of K value, as shown in Figure 3. The difference from a simply supported boundary is that the maximum radial bending moment of the elastic foundation plate supported by a fixed boundary is always located around the circular plate, while the extreme point of the second radial bending moment moves away from the center of the plate and towards the periphery as K increases.

For floating head and filled box heat exchanger tube sheets, the modulus K of the tube bundle is similar to the elastic foundation coefficient N of the fixed tube sheet, which also reflects the strengthening effect of the tube bundle as an elastic foundation on the tube sheet.

2) The weakening effect of tube holes on tube sheets

The tube sheet is densely covered with dispersed tube holes, so the tube holes have a weakening effect on the tube sheet. The weakening effect of tube holes on the tube sheet has two aspects:

The overall weakening effect on the tube sheet reduces both the stiffness and strength of the tube sheet, and there is local stress concentration at the edge of the tube hole, only considering peak stress.

This specification only considers the weakening effect of openings on the overall tube sheet, calculates the average equivalent stress as the basic design stress, that is, approximately considers the tube sheet as a uniformly and continuously weakened equivalent circular flat plate. For local stress concentration at the edge of the tube hole, only peak stress is considered. But it should be considered in fatigue design.

The tube hole has a weakening effect on the tube sheet, but also considers the strengthening effect of the pipe wall, so the stiffness weakening coefficient is used η And strength weakening coefficient μ。 According to elastic theory analysis and experiments, this specification stipulates η and μ＝ 0.4.

3) Equivalent diameter of tube sheet layout area

The calculation of the reinforcement coefficient for fixed tube sheets assumes that all pipes are uniformly distributed within the diameter range of the cylinder. In fact, under normal circumstances, there is a narrow non pipe area around the tube sheet, which reduces the stress at the edge of the tube sheet.

The tube layout area is generally an irregular polygon, and now the equivalent circular pipe layout area is used instead of the polygonal pipe layout area. The value of the equivalent diameter Dt should make the supporting area of the tube on the tube sheet equal. The diameter size directly affects the stress magnitude and distribution of the tube plate. In the stress calculation of the fixed tube sheet in GB151, the stress located at the junction of the annular plate and the pipe layout area is approximately taken as the stress of the full pipe layout tube plate at a radius of Dt/2. Therefore, the standard limits this calculation method to only be applicable to situations where the non pipe layout area around the tube plate is narrow, that is, when the non dimensional width k of the non pipe layout area around the tube sheet is small, k=K (1)- ρ t) ≤ 1.

Whether it is a fixed tube sheet heat exchanger, or a floating head or filled box heat exchanger, when calculating the area of the tube layout area, it is assumed that the tubes are uniformly covered within the range of the tube layout area.

Assuming there are n heat exchange tubes with a spacing of S. For a triangular arrangement of tube holes, the supporting effect of each tube on the tube sheet is the hexagonal area centered on the center of the tube hole and with S as its inner tangent diameter, i.e;

For tubes with square arrangement of tube holes, the supporting area of each tube on the tube sheet is a square area centered on the center of the tube hole and with S as the side length, i.e. S2.

The tube sheet layout area is the area enclosed by connecting the supporting area of the outermost tube of the tube sheet, including the supporting area of the outermost tube itself.

For a single pass heat exchanger tube sheet with uniformly distributed heat exchange tubes, the supporting area of all n heat exchange tubes on the tube sheet is the area of the tube layout area.

4) Consider the bending effect of the tube sheet, as well as the tensile effect of the tube sheet and flange along their central plane.

5) Assuming that when the flange deforms, the shape of its cross-section remains unchanged, but only the rotation and radial displacement of the center of gravity around the ring section. Due to this rotation and radial displacement, the radial displacement at the connection point between the flange and the center surface of the tube sheet should be coordinated and consistent with the radial displacement along the center surface of the tube sheet itself.

6) Due to temperature expansion difference γ The axial displacement of the shell wall caused by the shell side pressure ps and the tube side pressure pt should be coordinated and consistent with the axial displacement of the tube bundle and tube sheet system around the tube sheet.

7) The corner of the tube sheet edge is constrained by the shell, flange, channel, bolt, and gasket system, and its corner should be coordinated and consistent at the connection part.

8) When the tube sheet is also used as a flange, the influence of flange torque on the stress of the tube sheet is considered. In order to ensure sealing, it is stipulated that the flange stress needs to be checked for the extended part of the tube sheet that also serves as a flange. At this time, when calculating the flange torque, it is considered that the tube sheet and flange jointly bear the external force moment, so the ground force moment borne by the flange will be reduced.

About us

Wuxi Changrun has provided high-quality tube sheets, nozzles, flanges, and customized forgings for heat exchangers, boilers, pressure vessels, etc. to many well-known petrochemical enterprises at home and abroad. Our customers include PetroChina, Sinopec, Chevron, Bayer, Shell, BASF, etc. Send your drawings to sales@wuxichangrun.com We will provide you with the best quotation and the highest quality products.